EV Charging Facilities - EV Charging Technology (3)

Editor’s Note: These series are selected from manual Electric Vehicle Community Market Launch Manual: A Guide to Prepare Your Community for Electric Vehicles which was prepared by the Electric Transportation Coalition (ETC) and the Electric Vehicle Association of the Americas (EVAA) in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).

EV Charging System Design Standards

Expecting the market for on- and off-board EV chargers to grow with the introduction of EVs, many businesses are planning to manufacture and market EV chargers to meet the increasing demand. Like similar equipment, chargers need to be built to some minimum recognized standards. The following is a list of industry-recognized standards that implementors should take into consideration when acquiring EV chargers:

SAE J551
Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Radiation from Vehicles and Devices (30 Hz to 1,000 MHZ).
SAE J1211
Recommended Environmental Practices for Electronic Equipment Design, Nov. 1978.
SAE J1742
Connections for High Voltage On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harness.
SAE J1772
Electric Vehicle Conductive Coupling Recommended Practice.
SAE J1773
Electric Vehicle Inductive Charge Coupling Recommended Practice.
SAE J1850*
Class B Data Communication Network Interface, July, 1990.
SAE J2178*
Class B Data Communication Network Messages.
SAE J2293
Power Transfer Control for Electric Vehicles.
FCC
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47 (parts 15A, B, and 18), Document # 869-019-00180-8.
UL 943
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Sept. 11, 1985.
UL 1012
Power Units Other Than Class 2, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Aug. 21, 1992.
UL 1283
Electromagnetic Interference Filters, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Mar. 26, 1984.
UL 2202
Outline of Investigation for Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment, Nov. 1994.
NEMA 250
Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Max.), National Electrical Manufacturers Assoc., 1991.
ANSI/IEEE
Guide for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits, C62.41-1980, American National Standards Institute and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1980.
ANSI/IEEE
Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits, C62.45-1987, American National Standards Institute and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 1987.
NFPA
National Electric Code, NFPA 70-1996, Article 625.

(*These standards are being updated to include information on communications for EVs.)

Charger power quality is another important issue. Use of low-performance equipment can create a number of effects of concern to the utility industry, including harmonics, voltage flicker, poor power factor, voltage drop, transients, electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference. When hundreds of thousands of chargers are charging EVs, low charger power quality could cause real problems. Utilities, automakers, and charger manufacturers must anticipate and correct any power quality problems before electric vehicles and chargers are used by customers. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) is creating an equipment power-quality standard to address this important issue.

When planning for and installing EV charging facilities in public locations, implementors should consider the possibility of vandalism. The charging facilities should be designed to withstand rugged treatment and to protect the public from electrical shock associated with vandalism. The following case study describes how one utility is preparing for vandalism at a public charging facility:

New York Power Authority (NYPA) NYPA, in cooperation with the MTA Metro-North Railroad and the White Plains Parking Authority, has initiated an EV station car program that allows EV users to carpool from a suburban train station north of New York City to their worksites in Westchester County. The EVs will be charged overnight and on weekends at the train station. NYPA’s contractor, Diversified technologies, Inc., has designed, fabricated, and installed 12 vandal-proof conductive charging stations that offer the user 110 or 208 volt charging .Each charging station enclosure will hold the plug and cord sets behind a locked panel when not in use. Furthermore, the charging stations are equipped with high efficiency lighting controlled by a motion detector. Volume III of this Manual contains a drawing of these charging stations.

By working to establish connector and charging standards, automakers and electric utilities are helping to lay the foundation for successful EV introduction. These standards will allow utilities to provide the appropriate electrical service, manufacturers to develop compatible charging systems, and automakers to design and build compatible vehicles at the lowest possible cost.

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August 18, 2008 · Filed Under Electric Car Conversion Blog

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